English grammatical structures PART 5

GERUND
Gerund: in English the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in- ing) and can be have as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting only of one word, the gerund) acts as a noun within the larger sentence.

Function of the gerund:

As complement of the verb.

* when to a verb a preposition comes in an immediate way the gerund form it is used.

*Se uses to obtain the progressive signature of the verbs.

* Como fellow in an impression

Reading English is but easy that to speak to it.

Leer ingles es más fácil que hablarlo.

* in some prohibition expressions

No Smoking: Prohibido Fumar.

* Se uses to obtain the progressive signature of the verbs

I am Reading a book: Estoy leyendo un Libro.

* when to a verb a preposition comes in an immediate way the gerund form it is used.

-after swimming T felt cold: después de nadar me sentí resfriado.

-they had difficulty in finding a parking place. Tuvieron dificultad para encontrar una plaza de aparcamiento.

*As complement of the verb.

-His Hobby is painting. Su Hobby es la pintura.

*Se frequently uses after the verbs to go and to me"*Se it frequently uses

-Come mailing with us next Saturday: Ven a navegar con nosotros el proximo sabado.

As general rule, to form the gerund we have to add the suffix -ing to the form it bases of the infinitive (it forms infinitiva without to).

to lists (to listen) -> listening (listening)

to hear (to listen) -> hearing (listening)

Starting from this general rule, they exist a series of variations; they are few, but they are necessary to learn them. When the word ends up in an and where it precedes him a consonant, it is necessary to substitute that and for ing.

to eats (venir) -> coming (viniendo)

to write (escribir) -> writing (escribiendo)

If the verb that we want to pass to the gerund has a single syllable, with an only vowel and it also concludes in a single consonant; he/she has to bend the final consonant.

to cut (cortar) -> cutting (cortando)

to sit (sentarse) -> sitting (sentandoce)

A similar rule exists to the previous one; and it is that if the verb has more than a syllable and the accent relapses on the last one, we have to bend the last consonant when we have a single vowel and only consonant in the last syllable.

to admit (admitir) -> admitting (admitiendo)

to begin (empezar) -> beginning (empezando)

Lastly, if the verb finishes for l, and he/she goes behind an only vowel; this l has to bend.

to cancel (cancelar) -> cancelling (admitting)

to impel (impulsar) -> impelling (impulsando)