English grammatical structures PART 2

QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES
Qualifying Adjectives: They are words that accompany to the name to qualify him somehow. In English, the adjectives go before the name to which you/they accompany.

Examples:

Mary is a good girl

Mary es una buena chica.
A dog is a lovely animal

Un perro es un animal encantador

This car is new/this is a new car. Este carro es nuevo
This is a good boy. Este es un buen muchacho.
A big tree. Un árbol grande.
It is a red book. Es un libro rojo.

List a Qualifying Adjectives:


awake
despierto
asleep
dormido

beautiful
hermoso
ugly
feo

big
grande
small
pequeño

bitter
amargo
sweet
dulce

dead
muerto
alive
vivo

deep
profundo
shallow
superficial

dirty
sucio
clean
limpio

expensive
caro
cheap
barato

far
lejano
near
cercano

fast
rápido
slow
lento

fat
gordo
thin
flaco, delgado

full
lleno
empty
vacío

glad
contento
sad
triste

good
bueno
bad
malo

happy
feliz
sorry
apenado

hard
duro
soft
blando

healthy
saludable
sick
enfermo

heavy
pesado
light
liviano

high
alto
low
bajo

hot
caliente
cold
frío


Adjectives Comparativos Y Superlativos

When one makes reference to the comparative and superlative, we are necessarily making reference to the 3 degrees that have the adjectives: The positive one, the comparative one and the superlative. The positive degree is the adjective in its simple, basic, normal form: Tall = high, small = small, nice = pretty, big = big; the comparative degree is the one that establishes the relationship or comparison between two things and the superlative degree denotes the highest degree in a quality.

The comparative ones and the superlatives allow to establish relationships (more big, same, smaller) among the objects (sustantivos/nombres), standing out propiedades/cualidades, expressed by means of adjectives and adverbs:

Establishing differences of longitude among the adjectives (short and long) to use, it is of a lot of utility to achieve the good construction of the comparative ones and superlatives:


- short Adjectives: They are those compounds for an or two syllables:
fat = gordo(a)

tall = alto(a)

short = corto(a), baja(o)

B.- Long adjectives, also called polysyllabic, they are those compound adjectives for more than two syllables:

Large: largo,

beautiful = bello(a)

intelligent = inteligente

Comparative

The comparative ones compare people, animals or things:

Vicent Fox is shop than George Bush = Vicente Fox is higher than George Bush

The difference among comparative and superlatives rest in that while in the comparative of the adjective he/she settles down the relationship or comparison between two things, in the superlative the adjective this preceded of the article the (the = el/la/los/las), expressing the maximum degree of an adjective and in that translates you for the more ones.



1er finish of the comparison + comparative adjective + than/the + 2do finish of the comparison.



Types Of Comparative AND Superlatives:

It is necessary to distinguish adjectives of those which their comparative ones and superlatives are formed in a regular way (the overwhelming majority) and in an irregular way (some how many).

" Irregular

" Regular

a. -comparative and Irregular Superlatives:


Comparativos y Superlativos Irregulares

Positivo
Comparativo
Superlativo

good = bueno(a)
better = mejor
the best = el mejor

bad = mal
worse = peor
the worst = el peor

little = pequeño
less = menos
the least = lo menos

much = mucho
more = más
the most = lo más

many = muchos
more = más
the most = lo ms

far
farther
the farthest

Far = lejos
further = más lejano
the furthest = el más lejano

old = viejo
older = más viejo
the oldest = el más viejo

old = viejo
elder = más viejo
the eldest = el más viejo

late = tarde
later = más tarde
the latest = el último

late = tarde
later = más tarde
the last = el último




b. -comparative and Regular Superlatives:

Those formed chord to some established rules for their 3 defined types.

Types Of Comparative Regular:

" Of Superiority

" Of Equality

" Of Inferiority

1. Comparative Of Superiority:

To they are formed adding er to the short adjectives finished in consonant:

Saddam Hussein is fat = Saddam Hussein is fat

Saddam Hussein is fatter than Tony Blair = Saddam Hussein es más gordo que Tony Blair

The adjectives finished in AND to make the comparative of superiority this it converts the AND in I and ER adds (early/earlier); to the adjectives finished in and he/she is added single r (nice/nicer); to the adjectives finished in the consonants g, t, d preceded by vowel, is added g + er (big/bigger) but not in those finished in consonant accompanied by another consonant (young/younger, long/longer).

b) AND in the long adjectives they are prefixed the adverb it lives and the adjectival than = more than:

George Bush and Kofi Annan plows intelligent = George Bush and Kofi Annan are intelligent

George Bush and Kofi Annan plows intelligent than Saddam Hussein it lives = George Bush y Kofi Annan son más inteligentes que Saddam Hussein

2. - Comparative Of Equality:

In sentences afirmatias he/she is formed prefixing the word ace before and after the adjective. ACE ...AS translates SO ...COMO; In negative sentences he/she is formed with not ace... ace or not so... ace:

This snake is ace dangerous ace that tiger = This snake is as dangerous as that tiger

3. - Comparative Of Inferiority:

He/she is formed placing the adjective amid less and than:

cocaine, opium and cannabis plows less harmful than tobacco = = (La) cocaína, (el) opio y (la) canabis son menos dañina que (el) tabaco

Regular superlatives:

Types:

" Of Superiority

" Of Inferiority

Superlative Of Superiority:

to) he/she is formed adding him est to the short adjectives when they finish in consonant. Because when the adjectives finish in the consonant g he/she is added gest, when they finish in d he/she is added dest, and when they finish in the consonant t he/she is added test, and when they finish in and this he/she becomes i and he/she is added est (busy--> the busiest):

Where's the nearest post office? = Dónde está la oficina postal más

Nick is the shortest = Nick es el mas corto

b) In the long adjectives, the superlatives of superiority are formed prefixing the word the most (the most = El/la more) to the adjective:

Eva is the most beatiful = Eva is the most beautiful

Superlative Of Inferiority:

He/she is formed prefixing the word the least (the least = less el/la) to the adjective:

You plows the least fat = Ud es la menos gorda finidos.