Traditions and Customs of the World. Phuket Vegetarian Festival (Thailand)

The vegetarian festival and Chinese worship the god Tiu Jui held in Phuket (Thailand). The festival is held each year for nine days in the ninth lunar month, during which they can not eat meat, smoke or drink alcohol, so, to ward off evil spirits during the rest of the year.

During these 9 days, was subjected to various tests in which he outlines the holes that are made in the face.

Traditions and Customs of the World. Giraffe Women (Thailand)

The women of the tribe continue an ancient tradition, which is to keep your neck as long as possible, so it used a golden ring around her neck to stretch it to the point of incredible dimensions.

Not all women of the tribe get a woman giraffe, only those born on Wednesdays moon are considered the privileged of this honor, an honor for them because they are admired by the rest of the tribe, from an early age (6 years) start to put their neck rings made of brass wire.

It really is not elongated neck, is impossible. The secret of the giraffe women is declining in the ribs several inches on its normal position. The effect is that of a longer neck than usual. The wires are being incorporated as the years passed and will thus take his life, because if they die revealed by flaccid neck was broken by the neck muscles to not support the weight of the head.
Born in Burma, ethnic or giraffe women is gaining increasing importance Padaung in Thailand, where, because of the exile (Burmese forcibly displaced them from their land by being a rebel tribe, pursuing them later for it) have been established a large number of minorities belonging to the Kayan tribe, to which these women belong.

Respected in his native country, Thailand is not tradition, "is business, shopping mix, human zoo and tourist spectacle. So are the two villages of northern Thailand where it is artificially maintained by tour operators. The virtual "village arrest" under which they live has become even more stringent than ten years ago, when in case of illness received permission to go to the hospital in Mae Hong Son, Thai people near you. "At the hospital and do not let us go," said Ma Nang, a group of "giraffe women".

English grammatical structures PART 5

GERUND
Gerund: in English the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in- ing) and can be have as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting only of one word, the gerund) acts as a noun within the larger sentence.

Function of the gerund:

As complement of the verb.

* when to a verb a preposition comes in an immediate way the gerund form it is used.

*Se uses to obtain the progressive signature of the verbs.

* Como fellow in an impression

Reading English is but easy that to speak to it.

Leer ingles es más fácil que hablarlo.

* in some prohibition expressions

No Smoking: Prohibido Fumar.

* Se uses to obtain the progressive signature of the verbs

I am Reading a book: Estoy leyendo un Libro.

* when to a verb a preposition comes in an immediate way the gerund form it is used.

-after swimming T felt cold: después de nadar me sentí resfriado.

-they had difficulty in finding a parking place. Tuvieron dificultad para encontrar una plaza de aparcamiento.

*As complement of the verb.

-His Hobby is painting. Su Hobby es la pintura.

*Se frequently uses after the verbs to go and to me"*Se it frequently uses

-Come mailing with us next Saturday: Ven a navegar con nosotros el proximo sabado.

As general rule, to form the gerund we have to add the suffix -ing to the form it bases of the infinitive (it forms infinitiva without to).

to lists (to listen) -> listening (listening)

to hear (to listen) -> hearing (listening)

Starting from this general rule, they exist a series of variations; they are few, but they are necessary to learn them. When the word ends up in an and where it precedes him a consonant, it is necessary to substitute that and for ing.

to eats (venir) -> coming (viniendo)

to write (escribir) -> writing (escribiendo)

If the verb that we want to pass to the gerund has a single syllable, with an only vowel and it also concludes in a single consonant; he/she has to bend the final consonant.

to cut (cortar) -> cutting (cortando)

to sit (sentarse) -> sitting (sentandoce)

A similar rule exists to the previous one; and it is that if the verb has more than a syllable and the accent relapses on the last one, we have to bend the last consonant when we have a single vowel and only consonant in the last syllable.

to admit (admitir) -> admitting (admitiendo)

to begin (empezar) -> beginning (empezando)

Lastly, if the verb finishes for l, and he/she goes behind an only vowel; this l has to bend.

to cancel (cancelar) -> cancelling (admitting)

to impel (impulsar) -> impelling (impulsando)

English grammatical structures PART 4

VERB TWO WORDS
The verbs of two words, are words that are made up of an action + a preposition and they can have one or more meanings.

There are them of two classes:

The detachable ones and the inseparable ones.

1) The detachable: they are those that a person of the predicate can be put (object pronoun), amid the action and the preposition.

Example:

Call up = telefonear.

Call them up = telefonéales.

Call off = cancelar, suspender.

Call it off = cancélalo.

Fill out = llenar.
Fill the application out = llena la solicitud.
Fill (someone) in on = poner a alguien al corriente de.
Fill me in on what you are doing = ponme al corriente de lo que tu estas haciendo.

Give up = abandonar, cesar, rendirse, darse por vencido.
If you find a job, you mustnot give up working soon.

Leave out = excluir, omitir.
Look up = buscar (algo en un escrito, diccionario o libro).
Pick out = escoger, seleccionar.
Put on = vestirse o encender algo.
Pick up = recoger, levantar.
Put out = poner afuera o apagar (un fuego).
Turn on = poner algo en operación, prender (luces o motor).
Turn off = apagar (un motor o luces).
Turn down = rechazar, reducir.
Turn out = apagar (luz, fuego o gas).
Turn out to be = resultar ser.
Turn over = voltear (un objeto o persona).
Turn around = voltear (de rotar la cabeza, objeto, etc).
Try on = probar (la ropa, idea, etc..)
Cheer up = animarse, ponerse alegre.
Hand over = entregar, ceder algo a alguien.
Hand in = entregar (papeles).
Do over = repetir, hacerlo otra vez.
Give out = distribuir.
Give back = regresar, darle de regreso algo a alguien.
Keep up = mantener, continuar haciendo algo.
Look over = examinar o mirar por encima.
Make up = inventar, reconciliar.
Put off = posponer.
Figure out = entender, calcular, resolver mentalmente.
Talk over = discutir.
Bring back = traer algo de vuelta.
Head for = dirigirse hacia.
Give away = regalar.
Take over = tomar posesión de, conquistar, dominar.
Take after = parecerse a.
Take away = quitar, remover, llevarse.
Take down = note down = tomar nota, anotar.
Cut down = reducir.
Think over = considerar (algo).
Hold on = demorar, aguantar (un peso, situación, etc...).
Take up = usar, ocupar.
Show off = presumir.
Show up = resaltar, aparecer.
Come across = tropezar con, encontrarse con.
Blow out = extinguir, descontar.
The inseparable: they are those that the action and the preposition meetings always go and they cannot separate, that is to say, the object pronoun always puts on after the preposition.
Example

Run out of = quedarse sin, extinguirse, acabarse.
My car run out of gas = mi carro se quedo sin gasolina = my car run out of it.

Look for = buscar.
I was looking for you all over the place = yo estuve buscándote por todo el lugar.

Call on = visitar, llamar.
Come back = venir de regreso.
Go back = ir de regreso.
Go on = continuar, pasar.
Look around = mirar alrededor.
Go over = checar, ir por.
Look out! = ten cuidado!.
Make sure of = verificar, asegurarse de.
Fight over = competir.
Dig up = desenterrar.
Get alone with = llevarse bien con.
Find out = investigar, encontrar, hallar.
Pay off = pagar de vuelta, dar resultado.
To carry out = cumplir, llevar a cabo (con un plan, ordenes).
Take off = despegar, desvestirse.
Fall down = caerse, derrumbarse.
Fall off = caerse (de una superficie superior, a otra inferior).
Blow out = extinguir, apagar (luz o fuego).
Roll up = enrollar.
Go into = ir dentro de, ir a.
Show up = aparecer.
Get on = subirse, montarse (a un camión, caballo, bicy, moto).
Get off = bajarse.
Get in = meterse (en un carro, casa, etc).
Get out of = salirse de.
Run over = atropellar.
Run away = huir.
Set up = establecer, fijar, arreglar, preparar.

English grammatical structures PART 3

COGNATES AND FALSE COGNATES
Cognates: in linguistics are words that have a common origin. They may occur within a language, such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from the Proto-Indo-European word *sker-, meaning "to cut". They may also occur across languages, e.g. night and German Nacht as descendants of Proto-Indo-European *nokt-, "night".

List of cognates:


Abundance
Abundancia

Access
Acceso

Accuse
Acusar

Actor
Actor

Ambulance
Ambulancia

Athlete
Atleta

Doctor
Doctor

Silence
Silencio

Memory
Memoria

Information
Informacion

Academy
Academia

Accident
Accidente

Act
Acto

Adore
Adorer

Assistance
Asistencia

Audience
Audiencia

Wagon
Vagón

Leopard
Leopardo

Metal
Metal

Object
objeto


False Cognates: are words that are commonly thought to be related (have a common origin) whereas linguistic examination reveals they are unrelated. Thus, for example, on the basis of superficial similarities one might suppose that the latin verb habere and German haben, both meaning "to have", are cognate.

List of False Cognates:


Actually
En realidad

Advertisement
Anuncio

Apology
Excusa, disculpa

To assist
Ayudar

Capable
Capaz

Carpet
Alfombra

Deception
Engaño

Exit
Salida

To introduce
Presenter

Lecture
Conferencia

Mayor
Alcalde

Absolutely
Completamente

Agony
Angustia

Arena
Estadio

Body
Cuerpo

Career
Profesion

Cup
Taza

Editor
Redactor

Factory
Fabrica

Large
Grande

Library
Biblioteca

pie
tarta

English grammatical structures PART 2

QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES
Qualifying Adjectives: They are words that accompany to the name to qualify him somehow. In English, the adjectives go before the name to which you/they accompany.

Examples:

Mary is a good girl

Mary es una buena chica.
A dog is a lovely animal

Un perro es un animal encantador

This car is new/this is a new car. Este carro es nuevo
This is a good boy. Este es un buen muchacho.
A big tree. Un árbol grande.
It is a red book. Es un libro rojo.

List a Qualifying Adjectives:


awake
despierto
asleep
dormido

beautiful
hermoso
ugly
feo

big
grande
small
pequeño

bitter
amargo
sweet
dulce

dead
muerto
alive
vivo

deep
profundo
shallow
superficial

dirty
sucio
clean
limpio

expensive
caro
cheap
barato

far
lejano
near
cercano

fast
rápido
slow
lento

fat
gordo
thin
flaco, delgado

full
lleno
empty
vacío

glad
contento
sad
triste

good
bueno
bad
malo

happy
feliz
sorry
apenado

hard
duro
soft
blando

healthy
saludable
sick
enfermo

heavy
pesado
light
liviano

high
alto
low
bajo

hot
caliente
cold
frío


Adjectives Comparativos Y Superlativos

When one makes reference to the comparative and superlative, we are necessarily making reference to the 3 degrees that have the adjectives: The positive one, the comparative one and the superlative. The positive degree is the adjective in its simple, basic, normal form: Tall = high, small = small, nice = pretty, big = big; the comparative degree is the one that establishes the relationship or comparison between two things and the superlative degree denotes the highest degree in a quality.

The comparative ones and the superlatives allow to establish relationships (more big, same, smaller) among the objects (sustantivos/nombres), standing out propiedades/cualidades, expressed by means of adjectives and adverbs:

Establishing differences of longitude among the adjectives (short and long) to use, it is of a lot of utility to achieve the good construction of the comparative ones and superlatives:


- short Adjectives: They are those compounds for an or two syllables:
fat = gordo(a)

tall = alto(a)

short = corto(a), baja(o)

B.- Long adjectives, also called polysyllabic, they are those compound adjectives for more than two syllables:

Large: largo,

beautiful = bello(a)

intelligent = inteligente

Comparative

The comparative ones compare people, animals or things:

Vicent Fox is shop than George Bush = Vicente Fox is higher than George Bush

The difference among comparative and superlatives rest in that while in the comparative of the adjective he/she settles down the relationship or comparison between two things, in the superlative the adjective this preceded of the article the (the = el/la/los/las), expressing the maximum degree of an adjective and in that translates you for the more ones.



1er finish of the comparison + comparative adjective + than/the + 2do finish of the comparison.



Types Of Comparative AND Superlatives:

It is necessary to distinguish adjectives of those which their comparative ones and superlatives are formed in a regular way (the overwhelming majority) and in an irregular way (some how many).

" Irregular

" Regular

a. -comparative and Irregular Superlatives:


Comparativos y Superlativos Irregulares

Positivo
Comparativo
Superlativo

good = bueno(a)
better = mejor
the best = el mejor

bad = mal
worse = peor
the worst = el peor

little = pequeño
less = menos
the least = lo menos

much = mucho
more = más
the most = lo más

many = muchos
more = más
the most = lo ms

far
farther
the farthest

Far = lejos
further = más lejano
the furthest = el más lejano

old = viejo
older = más viejo
the oldest = el más viejo

old = viejo
elder = más viejo
the eldest = el más viejo

late = tarde
later = más tarde
the latest = el último

late = tarde
later = más tarde
the last = el último




b. -comparative and Regular Superlatives:

Those formed chord to some established rules for their 3 defined types.

Types Of Comparative Regular:

" Of Superiority

" Of Equality

" Of Inferiority

1. Comparative Of Superiority:

To they are formed adding er to the short adjectives finished in consonant:

Saddam Hussein is fat = Saddam Hussein is fat

Saddam Hussein is fatter than Tony Blair = Saddam Hussein es más gordo que Tony Blair

The adjectives finished in AND to make the comparative of superiority this it converts the AND in I and ER adds (early/earlier); to the adjectives finished in and he/she is added single r (nice/nicer); to the adjectives finished in the consonants g, t, d preceded by vowel, is added g + er (big/bigger) but not in those finished in consonant accompanied by another consonant (young/younger, long/longer).

b) AND in the long adjectives they are prefixed the adverb it lives and the adjectival than = more than:

George Bush and Kofi Annan plows intelligent = George Bush and Kofi Annan are intelligent

George Bush and Kofi Annan plows intelligent than Saddam Hussein it lives = George Bush y Kofi Annan son más inteligentes que Saddam Hussein

2. - Comparative Of Equality:

In sentences afirmatias he/she is formed prefixing the word ace before and after the adjective. ACE ...AS translates SO ...COMO; In negative sentences he/she is formed with not ace... ace or not so... ace:

This snake is ace dangerous ace that tiger = This snake is as dangerous as that tiger

3. - Comparative Of Inferiority:

He/she is formed placing the adjective amid less and than:

cocaine, opium and cannabis plows less harmful than tobacco = = (La) cocaína, (el) opio y (la) canabis son menos dañina que (el) tabaco

Regular superlatives:

Types:

" Of Superiority

" Of Inferiority

Superlative Of Superiority:

to) he/she is formed adding him est to the short adjectives when they finish in consonant. Because when the adjectives finish in the consonant g he/she is added gest, when they finish in d he/she is added dest, and when they finish in the consonant t he/she is added test, and when they finish in and this he/she becomes i and he/she is added est (busy--> the busiest):

Where's the nearest post office? = Dónde está la oficina postal más

Nick is the shortest = Nick es el mas corto

b) In the long adjectives, the superlatives of superiority are formed prefixing the word the most (the most = El/la more) to the adjective:

Eva is the most beatiful = Eva is the most beautiful

Superlative Of Inferiority:

He/she is formed prefixing the word the least (the least = less el/la) to the adjective:

You plows the least fat = Ud es la menos gorda finidos.

English grammatical structures PART 1

1.- Prefixes- Suffixes
2.- Qualifying adjectives
3.- Cognates and false cognates
4.- Verb two words
5.-Gerund



Prefixes- Suffixes

Prefixes: As prefix is the integral portion of and object with a distinct and reaused meaning that modifies the meaning of whole object.

List of Prefixes:
-After: behind, later. Detrás de, después.

* Aftercare, care as of a patient, after an operation.

Vigilancia postoperatoria, cuidado de un paciente, después de una operación.

* Afterglow, the glow in the sky after sunset.

Afterglow La luz en el cielo después del ocaso.

*Afternoon, the period after noon or midday.

Tarde, el periodo después del mediodía o mediodía

-Be: Completely, thoroughly, with intensive force. Completamente, completamente, con fuerza intensiva.

*Befitting, thoroughly appropriate or suitable.

Conviniendo, completamente apropiado o conveniente.

*Befogged, in a deep fog; thoroughly confused.

Befogged, en una niebla profunda,; completamente desconcertado.

*Befriend, to become a friend to.

Favorezca, para hacerse un amigo de alguien.

*Belated, very late.

Tardío, muy tarde.

*Bemoan, to lament greatly.

Lamentable, para lamentar grandemente.

-By: near, suggesting secondary importance. Cerca de, importancia secundaria.

*By-line a news- story line giving the writer name.

Pie de línea en noticias, línea de la historia que da el nombre del escritor.

*Bypath, a secondary path. Un camino secundario.

*By product, something made incidentally, not the main product. algo hizo a propósito

*Bystander, an onlooker who is not involved in the action.

Espectador, un personaje que no está envuelto en la acción.

-En: It acts the noun that accompanies, increasing positively it means to put in state of (in the sense that indicates the noun):

*Large/enlarge = grande/agrandar

*danger/endanger = peligro/poner en peligro

*force/enforce = fuerza/esfuerzo

Example:

In a small area, they have over half of Europe"s endangered wild animal species = En una pequeña área, ellos sobrepasan mitad de las especies peligrosas de animales salvajes de Europa

-Mis: Wrong or wrongly. Malo o mal.

*Misbehave, to act wrongly. de actuar mal.

*Misconception, a wrong understanding.

Concepto erróneo, una comprensión mala.

*Misdeed a wrongful action.

Fechoría una acción injusta

*Misdemeanor, a wrong act; a petty violation of the law.

Delito menor, un acto malo,; una violación pequeña de la ley.

*Misinterpret, to interpret wrongly.

Interprete mal, de interpretar mal.

*Mispronounced, to make and error in pronunciation.

Mal Pronunciado, se usa en error de pronunciación.

*Misunderstand, to get the wrong idea from.

Mal Entendido.

-Over significa sobre, demasiado, excesivo, más de:

*charge/overcharge = carga/sobrecarga

*time/overtime = tiempo,vez/horas extras, sobre tiempo

*heat/overheat = calor/sobrecalentamiento

*grown/overgrown = crecer/sobrecrecer

*all/overall = todo/sobretodo, abrigo

*paid/overpaid = pagar/sobre pago

*pass/overpass = paso/paso elevado

*sleep/oversleep = dormir/dormir demasiado

Example:

Overall, how satisfied are you with the handling of this particular case? = ¿En general, cómo satisfecho están ustedes con el manejo de este caso particular?

-Para: para, parejo a

*medic/paramedic = médico/paramédico

*tifoide/paratifoide = tiroide/paratiroide

*olympic/paraolympic = olímpico/paraolímpic

Example:

*He is paramedic = El es paramédico

-Sub: it means under, I lower of. He/she has the same meaning that the prefix Under:

*way/subway = vía/vía subterránea

*marine/submarine = marino/submarino

*contract/subcontract = contrato/subcontrato

*total/subtotal = total/subtotal

*machine-guns/sub-machine-guns =ametralladora/subametralladora

*title/subtitle = título/subtítulo

*normal/subnormal = normal/subnormal

*conscious/subconscious = consciente/subconsciente

*heading/subheading = encabezaminto/subencabezamiento

*sequent/subsequent = serie/subserie

*committee/subcommittee = comité/subcomite

Examples:

Russian submarines with nuclear weapons were under attack by US destroyers = Submarinos rusos con armas nucleares estaban bajo ataque de destructores Estado Unidenses

A subsequent round of talks = una subsecuente ronda de conversaciones

Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, chairwoman of the subcommittee = Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, presidenta del subcomité

-un: not, removal, absence. no, quite, ausencia

*Uncertain, not sure.

Incierto, no seguro.

*Undo, to reverse (an action); to Cancel or Annul.

Deshaga, para invertir (una acción); Cancelar o Anular.

*Unfold, to open or unwrap (something folded); to reveal.

Despliegue, abrir o desenvolver (algo plegó); para revelar.

*Unhappy, not happy.

Infeliz.

*Unhealthy, not healthy.

Enfermo, no saludable.


Suffixes: in grammar, a suffix or ending is an affix which is placed at the end of a word. Common examples are cased endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verb.

List of suffixes:
-able, ible.

*to drink/drinkable = beber/bebible

*to reason/reasonable = razonar/rasonable

*to enjoy/enjoyable = disfrutar/disfrutable

*to remove/removable = remover/removible

*to believe/believable = creer/creíble

*to explain/explainable = explicar/inexplicable

Example:

Reasonable words can stop a fight and bring peace between people = Palabras razonables pueden detener una lucha y traer paz entre personas

An American company makes these removable gold teeth = Una compañía Americana hacen removibles estos dientes color de oro

An unexplainable silence will stop conversation = un inexplicable silencio puede paralizar (la) conversación

This is a story believable = este es un cuento creíble

-cal: It transforms nouns into adjectives. Nouns finished in c only add the one. It means ico, ica Convierte sustantivos en adjetivos. Sustantivos terminados en c solamente agrega al. Significa ico, ica

*alphabet/alphabetical = alfabeto/alfabético(ica)

*medic/medical = médico/médico (a)

*music/musical = música/músico(a)

*technology/technological = técnología/tecnológico(a)

*magic/magical = magia/mágico(a)

*ideology/ideological = ideología/ideológico(a)

Example:

Some medical research which could interest = alguna investigación médica que podría interesar

I have the musical history of the West = Hoy tengo la historia musical del oeste

There are two main chemicals in the body, testosterone and oestrogen, that make people feel lust = Hay 2 principales químicos en el cuerpo, testosterona y oestrogen, que hacen a la gente sentir lujuria

The magical solution = La solución mágica

-dom: state, condition, occupation. El estado, condición, ocupación

*Freedom, the condition of being free.

Libertad, la condición de ser libre.

Kingdom, a state ruled by a king.

Reino, un estado gobernado por un rey.

*Officialdom, the occupation of being an official; a group of offcials.

Burocracia, la ocupación de ser oficial; un grupo de oficiales.

*Wisdom, the condition of being wise.

Sabiduría, la condición de ser sabio.

-Ful it is added to nouns to form nouns and adjectives. they meanes ada, ado, ido, oso :

*wonder/wonderful = maravilla/maravilloso

*color/colorful = color/colorido

*spoon/spoonful = cuchara/cucharada

*fright/frightful = miedo/miedoso

*beauti/beautiful = bello/hermoso

*peace/peaceful = paz/pacífico

*Power/Powerful = poder/poderoso

*respect/respectful = respeto/respetuoso

*Mercy/Mercyful = misericordia/misericordioso

*Truth/Truthful = verdad/verdadero

Example:

They are frightful = Ellos estan temerosos

Mexico has many wonderful building = Méjico tiene mucho edificio maravilloso

We will visit one of the most beautiful cities there = Nosotros podremos visitar una de las más maravillosas ciudades aquí

-en: to cause, to be (something) para causar, para ser (algo)

*Brighten, to make bright.

Aclare, para hacer luminoso.

*Frighten, to produce fright in.

Asuste, para producir miedo.

*Fasten, to make fast or firm; to attach.

Ate, para hacer rápidamente; para atar

*Quicken, to make quick; to speed up.

Vivifique, para hacer rápido; para acelerar

*Strengthen, to make strong.

Fortalezca, para hacer fuerte.

-er: an agent, or one whose work involves action; a resident. Agente, o uno cuyo trabajo involucra acción; un residente

Baker, one who bakes.

Panadero, uno que hace pan

New Yorker, a resident of New York City or state.

Neoyorquino, un residente de Ciudad de Nueva York o Estado.

Player, one who plays (a game); one who acts in a play.

Jugador, uno que juega (un juego); uno que actúa en una obra

Reporter, one who reports (news)

Reportero, uno que informa (noticias)

Singer, one who sings.

Cantante, uno que canta.

-Ly: This suffix allows transform a qualifying adjective or a noun in an adverb, adding the meaning mentions. The adjectives finished in him simply change the and for and; those finished in ly, convert the and in i and he/she is added ly; to those finished in ue they change the and in ly; to those finished in ll they only add and; those finished in ue change the and for ly.

*bad/badly = malo/malamente

*open/openly = abierto/abiertamente

*clear/clearly = claro, claramente

*cold/coldly = frío/friamente

*violent/violently = violento/violentamente

*slow/slowly = lento/lentamente

*quick/kuickly = rápido/rapidamente

*deep/deeply = profundo/profundamente

*free/freely = libre/libremente

*wise/wisely = sabio/sabiamente

*sure/surely = seguro/seguramente

*lone/lonely = sólo/solitario o solamente

*private/privately = privado, privadamente

*intelligent/intelligently = inteligente/inteligentemente

*possible/possibly = posible/posiblemente

*probable/probably = probable/probablemente

*simple/simply = simple/simplemente

*terrible/terribly = terrible/terriblemente

*normal/normally = normal/normalmente

*eternal/eternally = eterno/eternamente

*heavy/heavily = pesado/pesadamente

*easy/easily = fácil/fácilmente

*happy/happily = alegre/alegremente

*merry/merrily = alegre/alegremente

*funny/funnily = cómico/cómicamente

*true/truly = verdadero/verdaderamente

Example:

Easily lose weight = fácilmente pierda peso

Currently single? = regularmente solo?

This afected Alexander Fleming greatly = Esto afectó grandemente a Alexander Fleming

They know how to act nicely = Ellos saben como actuar simpáticamente

-Ness we transform qualifying adjectives into nouns. But if the adjective finishes in and this is changed by the i before being added the suffix. It means you give, eza.

*Sick/sickness = enfermo/enfermedad

*Dark/darkness = oscuro/oscuridad

*sad/sadness = triste/tristeza

*Happy/happiness= feliz/felicidad

*great/greatness = gran/grandeza

*Ill/ilness = enfermo/enfermedad

*Same/sameness = igual/igualdad

*Lone/loneness = sólo/soledad

*Polite/politeness = cortés/cortesía

*Blind/blindness = ciego/ceguera

Examples:

It is common for people to express both joy and sadness = Es común para la gente expresar ambos alegría y tristeza.

People who want real happiness must first be sad = (La) gente quien quiere felicidad real debe primero estar triste.

Children need to learn how to prevent illness = (Los) niños necesitan aprender a prevenir (la) enfermedad.

The greatness of God = La grandeza de Dios.

Sarajevo residents reacted with sadness to the news of Alija Izetbegovic's death = residentes (de) Sarajevo reaccionaron con tristeza a las noticias de la muerte de Alija Izetbegovic.

She is in the middle of the darkness = ella esta en medio de la oscuridad.

The people said that Celestine's sickness was caused by his bad ways = Las personas dijeron que la enfermedad de Celestina es causada por sus malas maneras.

-Tion: it means cion, or, it allows to transform verbs in nouns, chord to the following guide: Verbs finished in the consonant t, simply add ion; the finished verbs tie, ute, eliminates the and and they add ion; the verbs finished in the vowel and that it is not ate/ute part, they change the and for to and they are added tion.

*to educate/education = educar/educación

*to pollute/pollution = contaminar/contaminacion

*to direct/direction = dirigir/dirección

*to invent/invention = inventar/invención

*to present/presentation = presentar/presentación

*to react/reaction = reaccionar/reacción

*to attract/attraction = atraer/atracción

*to act/action = actuar/acción

*to imagine/imagination = imaginar/imaginación

*to operate/operation = funcionar/funcionamiento

*to organize/organization = organizar/ organizacion

*to situate/situation = situar/situación

*to distribute/distribution = distribuir/distribución

*to determine/Determination = determinar/determinacion

*to observe/observation = observar/observación

Examples:

There is a problem with pollution = hay un problema con (la) contaminación

There is an organization called UNESCO, but more than one hundred and twenty million children still do not have the chance at a

good education : ¿ Why ? = Hay una organización llamada UNESCO, pero más de 120 millones de niños todavia no tienen la oportunidad a una buena educación : Por qué?

All talk about determination = todos hablan acerca de la determinación

U.S. has always sought the participation of the international community in Iraq = Estados Unidos siempre tienen que buscar la participación de la comunidad internacional en Iraq

The people of China mark the end of their New Year with another celebration the lantern festival = Las personas de China marcan el fin de su Nuevo año con otra celebración la fiesta de la linterna

-y: it is used in English with 3 purposes: It is added to nouns to transform them into adjectives and to express likeness or to indicate abundance. And in case a noun concludes in and it converts the and simply in and. it Means ado, bear and it rarely means able; Used to obtain the diminutive, for the effect if it concludes in consonant this he/she repeats. it means ito, ita.

*water/watery = agua/acuoso

*anger/angry = enojo/enojado

*noise/noisy = ruido/ruidoso

*hair/hairy = pelo/peludo

*silk/silky = seda/sedoso

*milk/milky = leche/lechoso

*rain/rainy = lluvia/lluvioso

*rock/rocky = roca/rocoso

*health/healty = salud/saludable

*dad/daddy = papá/papito

*mom/mommy = mamá/mamita

*Joe/Joey = Pepe/Pepito

*John/Johnny = Juan/Juanito

*Rose/Rosey = Rosa/Rosita

*horse/horsey = caballo/caballito

*dog/doggy = perro/perrito

Examples:

The weather is rainy = El estado del tiempo está lluvioso

A healthy person is a happy person = Una persona saludable es una persona feliz

-Th: agregado a números cardinales nos permite obtener números ordinales. Y agregado a verbos le imprime un sentido potivo.

*five/fifth = cinco/quinto

*ten/tenth = diez/décimo

*seven/seventh = siete/séptimo

*eleventh/eleventh= once/undécimo

*sixteen/sixteenth = diez y seis/dicimo sexto

*million/millionth = millon/millonésima

Examples:

I'm the seventh and you the tenth = Yo soy el séptimo y tú el décimo

Nineteenth-century writer Jane Austen is one of the best-known writers in the English-speaking world = Jane Austenis escritor del siglo XIX es uno de los escritores mejores conocidos en el mundo de habla inglesa

He received the two hundred and fifty millionth dose = El recibió la doscientos cincuenta millonésima dosis

Mrs Kamato Hongo celebrated her one hundred and sixteenth birthday in September, two thousand and three = La señora Kamato Hongo celebró su ciento décimosexto cumpleaños en septiembre de 2003

-ish: he/she is added to nouns to form adjectival and this way to indicate likeness or attenuation. If the noun finishes in and it changes the and for i and he/she is added sh. If the noun concludes in and it conserved it and he/she is added ish. If the noun finishes in consonant he/she is simply added ish to obtain the adjective

*woman/womanish = mujer/como mujer, mujeril

*boy/boyish = niño/como niño

*white/whitish = blanco/blancuzco

*monk/monkish = monje/monacal, frailesco

*spain/spanish = España/español

Examples:

The British system = El sistema Británico

GLOSSARY

foreign----------extranjeros
somehow----------De alguna manera
roots------------Raices
bethlehem--------Belén
gifts------------Regalos
which------------Cual
should-----------Debería
those------------Esos
marble-----------Mármol
Worship----------Culto
Dignified--------Digna
viceroy----------Virrey
Theatrical-------Teatral
Performance------Rendimiento
Cattle-----------Ganado
branded----------Marco

Customs and traditions of Mexico

There are in modern Mexico many foreign customs and traditions we have taken and that somehow have enriched our culture, but this does not mean we lose the customs of our country, because these are our roots, our culture and our link with a past full of history, sentiment and love for this wonderful country of Mexico.

According to the times we live in many of these traditions have changed the essence of its meaning becoming commercial holiday that we all hope either for holidays, festivals or celebrations that we make of them and completely forget its true meaning, is why we must teach our children to remember meaning of Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, etc. Day of the Dead. and together we preserve this historic legacy, sharing with the world and proud of being Mexican.

The three wise men
Holy Week
Easter
Independence Day
The Day of the Dead
The Mexican Revolution
The Virgin of Guadalupe
Las Posadas
Christmas
The Pastorelas
The Charreria


The three wise men

The origin of this custom goes back to the Spanish missionaries who arrived in Mexico during the sixteenth century and is part of the Catholic tradition, based on the Gospel of Matthew that recounts the arrival of three wise men came from east of whom received the message that would be born the Savior and they should follow the path I mark a star, that guided them to a manger in Bethlehem where they found the newborn, the Magi presented their gifts to him consisted of gold, frankincense and myrrh, three valuable products at the time, and proceeded to worship on their knees like the others. In memory of those present, children in Mexico receive their gifts every year also, on the same date.

Associated with this date we have the traditional Rosca de Reyes, and is from the thread that is oval-shaped bread decorated with dried fruit and contains within it depending on the size of one or more plastic dolls representing the Christ Child, the people who find them are committed to presenting the 2nd of February in the local church of the Birth to Baby Jesus in the house where he used the thread. This date is known in Mexico as Candlemas Day, this tradition has lost its meaning in some regions and now people who find the cartoons should organize a snack consisting of tamales, bread, chocolate or coffee.



Easter

This week that falls between late March and early April each year is very important to most Mexican Catholics, not only because children are out of homes in those days, but because it performs a series of religious activities in the whole family involved, Holy Week begins with Palm Sunday, when carried to the church blessing bunches of palms, which are then placed behind the door of the houses. From Monday to Thursday this week are known as "Holy Days". The following days are Friday of Sorrows, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, the representations made about this are to recreate the last days in the life of Jesus Christ, for this well in advance the people involved in it is prepared both emotionally and physically and that is sometimes so real that real nails used to crucify the participants as well as shock and fatigue that this entails.

The Easter Procession of Silence, in which penitents dressed in black hoods and skirts to the feet secured to the waist by cords of horsehair. To atone for their sins, these faithful walk barefoot on the pavement, some flagellating their backs, other loading chains around his neck, and others carrying herds of brambles on the neck, holding his arms. Despite the seriousness with which the members take this ceremony, this tradition so ingrained is popular among tourism both locally and abroad, who come each year to witness the celebration of Good Friday processions like are made in several places in Mexico.



Easter

Easter Week commencing immediately after Easter is certainly time of festivity and joy, as we celebrate the resurrection of Christ. In Mexico, as in many other predominantly Catholic countries, Easter is celebrated big. Formerly it was customary to give Mexican sweets, like happiness, and sweet pepitorias covered all known.

The arrival of the Easter Bunny This little animal that brings a lot of small eggs, chocolate-covered paper in bright colors, always wants us to work because she has the habit of hiding the eggs in homes and gardens and make ourselves go to fetch .


Independence Day

This tradition has its origins in the night of 15 September 1810, when Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang the church bell in Dolores to bring together all the faithful and announce that the cry "Viva Mexico", "Viva la Virgin of Guadalupe, the Mexican people would fight for their freedom, in the year 1900 marks the ninetieth anniversary and one of Mexico's independence. General Porfirio Díaz, then President of our country, led a big celebration which honors survivors dozen Indians who fought and won in the famous siege of Queretaro during the War of Independence.

Today, with a big dinner at the National Palace is celebrated Independence Day and in the plinth of Mexico City attended by many Mexicans to join the jubilation and the joy of fireworks and food stalls that are typical place to turn the place into a popular verbena, as befits the anniversary of our independence, the next day is celebrated in many parts of Mexico marches or parades.

Many were the heroes who participated in this war of Independence. The names of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama, Abasolo. Jimenez, Vicario and Morelos Mina remind us of the importance of a free and independent. Let us remember the sacrifice of our heroes shouting:

"Viva Mexico", "Long live the Heroes of Independence"

Also in Mexico all embassies abroad are invited to Mexicans, both tourists and residents, to join the celebration that takes place when the ambassador in each country has lifted the Mexican flag and shouted "Viva Mexico "in unison with their countrymen who are far from their homeland. While in Mexico are ringing the bells of the National Palace and the various city halls and offices in the Federal District, to remind us that the work of our countrymen should not be in vain, that freedom must be cared for to preserve and appreciate Mexico free to the War of Independence bequeathed to us.


Day of the Dead

The celebration of Day of the Dead is one of the most typical and representative of our country, and it is time to remember those of our loved ones who have died, and feel that they have not gone at all, in Mexico we celebrate our family and friends departed with a demonstration of love, the cult of death in Mexico is not something new, as already practiced since 1800 BC C., many centuries before the Spanish arrived, as evidenced by the mask stark Tlatilco also in the Aztec calendar, or Tonalamatl, located in the Sala Mexica National Museum of Anthropology and History in the Forest Chapultepec Mexico City, we see that in the 18 months that make up this schedule, there were at least six festivals dedicated to the dead, the two largest taking place in the ninth month or Micailhuitontli, which means "children's festival dead "and in the tenth month, called Hueymicailhuitl, commemoration of the dead adults.

The evangelists accepted in part the traditions of ancient Mexico to introduce Christianity in our country. This celebration is not limited to altars and bring music to the cemeteries. Mazahua in the region, located where the states bordering Mexico and Michoacan, from Angangueo to Zitacuaro and Morelia, monarch butterflies, according to the beliefs Purépecha, representing the spirits of their ancestors. So every year expect Mazahuas with offerings of wax and resin, the arrival of these "messengers of the gods", as they call the monarch butterflies, which fly by millions every year from forests in Canada and U.S. to the forests of our country, to complete their reproductive cycle. The most traditional way of celebrating the Day of the Dead is precisely the offerings for the "dead little ones" and for "large dead" and the contents of each appropriate to the deceased commemorated, for example, in the town of Calcahualco in Totosinapa, Veracruz, on November 1, dedicated to the late children are placed wreaths of marigolds on the door frame, or branches of these same flowers in the corners of the altars that are decorated with candles, pan de muerto (sometimes in the shape of a skull, even), bananas, oranges, guavas, sugar skulls, reeds, tejocotes, water, fruit, bread and coffee.

The marigold flower symbolizes the sun's glare, which as you know was considered the origin of everything. Each flower represents a life, and in the case of late means that this still retains a place within the Whole, and that has not been forgotten by his friends and family. Interestingly, in the town of Huaquechula in the state of Puebla, do not use the marigold flower, but the graves are decorated with cloud and gladiola. In Chiapa de Corzo is being serenaded to cemeteries to celebrate the return of the dead visit their families as well, the little town is covered with flowers and families are responsible for perfectly clean the graves of their loved ones to receive them as deserve. One of the most recognized people's celebration of Day of the Dead is San Andres Mixquic, located in the Federal District Tlahuac delegation. Here, the history of this tradition dates from the time of the Conquest, this place became one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of our country, finding the Miquixtli image of the goddess, the deity who represented death and was adorned by human skulls. It is known that 265 days were sacrificed large groups of prisoners of war in his honor, and that the people were located several bones tzompantlis or walls, the Day of the Dead in Mixquic has gained worldwide fame and today this small village receives each year the visit of tourists from all over who come to admire one of the most typical festivals of the world, this place is believed that at sunset, the souls of the dead enter and spread throughout the town, reaching their old dwellings, and the souls of children leaving the village at midnight. The houses are open for visitors to admire the altars, also, people walking aloft a cardboard calaca the streets of the town, simulating a funeral procession, the celebration of Day of the Dead in Patzcuaro Island is also famous in Internationally, there are offerings lake, ie, placed lighted candles on the lake and marigold flowers floating in the water like little suns, it is also customary to compose rhymes in jest, in which talk of the living and if they were already dead, ndo to mention their habits or personality. These rhymes are known as "skulls" and are very popular, even in newspapers and magazines during the celebration of Day of the Dead.


The Mexican Revolution

One of our most important national holiday is undoubtedly the 20 November, we celebrate the Mexican Revolution, it is said that the differences were so great between social classes, which for a single violation of the law an Indian received 25 lashes, whereas the landowner simply had to pay a fine of 200 pesos, coupled with this and although Porfirio Díaz made great efforts to modernize Mexico to attract foreign investors and to adopt foreign customs and fashions, our government became a dictatorship; addition, railways, oil and the exploitation of coal mines, were in foreign hands that forced the Mexican government to provide them from land use subsidies to huge payments for their advice and collaboration, foreigners paid wages of hungry for our workers and the government's permission, in a nutshell, Mexico was totally dependent on foreign powers for survival over time the dictator was losing control of the government and some of his ambitious colleagues used the opportunity to further exploit the proletariat and improve their own economic and social status no matter how unfair the situation, in this armed struggle took great heroes who lost their lives in pursuit of genuine independence, social justice and a better Mexico, with characters like Francis I. Madero, Venustiano Carranza, Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Villa owe today that Mexico is a free and independent nation, with the possibility of progress for the future to really assert their sacrifice we must always look ahead and act with honor and dignity, enlarging our country and keeping our traditions intact through the years


Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe

Legend has it that between 9 and 12 December 1531, ten years after the fall of Tenochtitlan, an Indian named Juan Diego went to Fray Juan de Zumarraga, who was bishop of Mexico, to tell her that while in Tepeyac Hill had appeared very beautiful lady who had reported to be the Virgin Mary, Juan Diego informed the bishop that the Virgin had asked that a temple be erected in his honor at that place, at first the bishop believe him, but Lady appeared three times, and to prove that she was indeed made to Juan Diego spread his cloak (a kind of mantle, part Indian costume of the time) against the bishop, after the third appearance, fell to the ground several roses that Our Lady had ordered cut, moreover, the bishop saw the image of the Virgin imprinted on the cloak of Juan Diego, the first chapel at Tepeyac is built in late 1531, was later other temples erected at the foot of the hill, built in 1976 until the present Basilica of Guadalupe, which fits 40,000 people, this basilica is circular, is made of marble, has a monumental body has seven front doors. The flags of all countries in America permanently waving at the spot where the Virgin appeared to Juan Diego stays modest Cerrito Chapel, dating from 1740, on one side of the basilica is located Pocito Chapel, which was completed in 1791, whose facade is covered with volcanic rock and white v blue tiles, a crowd from all over Mexico is headed in procession to the basilica every year to worship the Virgin, there has established the custom of singing "Las Mañanitas" to celebrate the anniversary of his appearance, in addition, on 12 December each year is made a play in which a girl plays the role of the Virgin of Guadalupe, in this work also involved the characters of Juan Diego, the bishop and the missionaries, is recreated with the Cerro de Guadalupe church, all in wood, in the atrium of the basilica, the people stay right there all night, praying to the Virgin, for those who want take a break or refreshments, outside the basilica are installed dozens of food stalls, selling everything from tamales and gorditas coffee until crackling or cheese, donuts and chocolate all night the dancers dance with bells Santiagueros firmly bound to ankle, to celebrate the patron saint of Mexico.


Las Posadas

An important part of our Christmas celebrations are the famous and fun inns, but did you know that the inns are of religious origin? indeed, the first inns were deeply religious and solemn. Were carried out in the sixteenth century, when St. Ignatius of Loyola suggested a series of prayers or novenas "to celebrate the Christmas of 16 to 23 December, the solemn and dignified atmosphere of the early colonial years began to fade soon by little and, for 1796, the Archbishop of Mexico complained about the noise did not cease during the Mass of Christmas, as Mexicans celebrated the arrival of Jesus into the world with whistles, rattles, Throne of peanut and other fruit as well as happy songs Christmas, which had nothing to do with religion, but all this in full church service, today we celebrate the holiday inns rather than with sentences, but in remembrance of the origins of these Christmas festivities is still common in parts of Mexico and from 16 to 23 December to see children and adults ask for the traditional inn, carrying a small representation of a birth and, holding lighted candles, the main objective is to collect money to celebrate a big feast at which they break piñatas full of fruit , sweet and sometimes coins.

The origin of the piñata. Piñatas originate in China, hence went to Spain and came to Mexico in the seventeenth century, according Artemio de Valle-Arizpe, there was a "piñata Sunday" to be held in Spain immediately after Ash Wednesday. Through the centuries, the piñatas have retained their appeal, although its appearance has changed, the materials used to construct and its content has varied over the years, Mexico is covered with paper used a clay pot and thus form the piñata but so many children destabilized by the potsherds, they began to make pinatas without pot, only cardboard, which are therefore much more difficult to break, and do not represent danger to children.


Christmas

The custom of celebrating Christmas as we do today coming from Spain, with the missionaries in the sixteenth century. The first celebration in any form was organized by Brother Peter of Ghent in the year 1538, a church, was what we know today as "midnight mass," as they trade at 12 pm, and is so popular Mexicans who today remains one of the most respected holiday traditions in the country. The Aztecs, who had a polytheistic religion (worship of many gods), celebrated a kind of Christmas before the Spanish arrived, at this event commemorating the birth of the god Huitzilopochtli with dancing, singing, speeches and special meals, which included small idols of amaranth and honey from cactus, after the Conquest, the number of adherents to Catholicism while for 1587 grew by Fray Diego de Soria, the convent of San Agustin de Acolman, asked his superiors for permission to officiate the first Christmas mass outside the church, on the patio to accommodate all the faithful who wished to attend, the spirit of Christmas is love, forgiveness and love our neighbors, therefore, during the colonial era, 23 December Viceroy of Mexico ran the prisons to release prisoners convicted of lesser crimes and conducting virreina charities in orphanages v monasteries, the tradition of births was initiated by St. Francis of Assisi, who in 1223, being in the convent of Monte Columbo, in Italy, decided to celebrate the arrival of the Redeemer into the world with a natural scene of the birth of Jesus, using a stable with a donkey and a cow authentic tradition began to spread, reaching Spain and finally to the continent American first births in Mexico zumpantle were made of a wood as light as cork and therefore easy to work, the figures were covered with a first layer of gold or silver paint and then with other colors.


The Pastorelas

Theatrical performances are typical of the holiday season, the characters are the shepherds, the devil and the archangel Gabriel, with the ironic humor of Mexico, the devil has the lead role, and the plot is interspersed with songs, jokes and discussions with Michael, these little performances are full of anecdotes and sayings typically Mexican as well as of current situations.


The Charrería

The Charreria is the banner of Mexico to the world, is a quasi-religious ritual for those who practice a code of conduct that not only involves being able to rope a steer or ride a horse superbly, but also bring your hat, sit, treat a lady and talk in a meeting, the golden age of charrería were the last years of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, from the sixteenth century in Mexico there were large estates and ranches where there were a lot of work, having to get off the forest or rangeland bring the vast herds of horses and cattle, to be cured, marked or branded. Thus, landowners joined their pawns to help lasso using lots of charrería sometimes dropped some of the most wives and daughters of the planters were added to the group of charros in equestrian activities to develop field work The practice of charrería requires great skill, obtained by dint of practice and enthusiasm, despite the strenuous exercise, after scoring an animal, building was thrown, the charro was mounted in order to demonstrate his skill as a rider while the animal stood up and began to jump left and right trying to throw its rider, in this dangerous activity known as riders, there were two ways to hustle to mares gross, an era "with tentemozo ", in which the rider clung to a rope that was tied around the belly, the other was" at odds ", which was riding bareback, clutching one of the horse's mane, one of the charro lots more famous is the dangerous "step of death", which involves changing mount a horse to another when in full career, Charra very lucidora other activity, and something that for many years has been essential part of field work is certainly the flourish with the rope to lasso a steer, the cowboy must shake the rope in the air to form a perfect circle within which the animal is trapped, in today's rodeos rodeos and cowboys bloom forming the lariat a circle within which they must jump horizontally and vertically without stirring the rope in the air, and even dance. Charrería is a Mexican tradition unique in the world not to be missed, because doing so would be like losing a good part of our roots and part of our historical past.